• How defines Terzidis (2019) Leadership and the leader, according to the lecture?:

    Leadership is organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal.

    A leader is somebody whom people follow, somebody who guides or directs others.

  • According to Luhmann (1995), what are the three characteristics of a Modern Organization?:

    • Membership: Contrast: pre modern organizations like village, monastery, guilds. Membership structured life entirely. Today: loose multi memberships, being part of a sports club, having a job in a company, being member of an NGO, but also your own family, etc.
    • Goals: Companies produce goods in the form of products and services to meet the needs of the customers and to generate a living for employees and profits for the owners. Organizations have several, partially contradicting goals. Flexibility vs. Efficiency, Happy employees vs. happy customers vs. happy investors, Innovation speed vs. Quality
    • Hierarchies: Among other aspects, a hierarchy is a mechanism for the resolution of conflicts: a decision is taken to the next higher level until the hierarchy spans the two conflicting poles (ultimately at the CEO level). Important domains of western societies have been „de-hierarchized“: science, art, democracy. This also leads to a different attitude in the context of organizational hierarchies.

    → Membership, Goals, Hierarchies

  • What are the six traits, that are related to leadership according to Northouse (2016)?:

    • Intelligence
    • Self-confidence
    • Determination
    • Integrity
    • Sociability
    • Emotional Intelligence

    → Social, confident, emotional intelligent and intellectual intelligent

  • What are the five factor personality model dimensions that are related to leadership according to Northouse (2016)?:

    • High extraversion
    • High conscientiousness
    • High openness
    • Low neuroticism
    • High agreeableness

    → Calm and open agreeable extravert

  • What is the Basic Assumption of Transformal Leadership according to Northouse (2016)?:

    Effective Leadership is a process that transforms people. Followers and leader are inextricably bound together in this transformation process.

    → Leader and followers will be transformed together

  • Name the six principles of effective leadership according to Malik (2006) and explain each one in your own words:

    • Result orientation: only result matters. It is more about duty, not about fun
    • Contribution to the whole: having the collective goal in mind.
    • Focus on few things: effective focus on important things rather than trying to make everything.
    • Use strengths: the fixation on weaknesses is a dead end.
    • Trust: trust in team is needed for robust relationship.
    • Think positive: See opportunities rather than problems, do your best.

  • What are the five tasks of effective leadership according to Malik (2006)?:

    • Create goals
    • Organize
    • Decide
    • Monitor
    • Develop people

    → Grow and control the team, create goals, make decisions and organize team.

  • Define the term ‘decision’ using the definitions of Mintzberg (1976) and the Gabler business dictionary (Wirtschaftslexikon):

    A decision is a specific commitment to action.

    It is the selection of an action from a set of available alternatives, with an intentional accent, taking into account possible environmental conditions.

  • Name the 7 stages of a decision-making process according to Malik (2011):

    • Precise definition of the problem
    • Specification of the requirements & criteria the decision has to fulfill
    • Working out the alternatives (all alternatives!)
    • Analysis of risks and consequences of all alternatives; setting limitations
    • Making the decision
    • Implementation plan
    • Establishment of feedback loops: Follow up and follow through

    → Define problem, specify requirements, work out alternatives, analyzing, making the decision, making the implementation plan, create feedback loops.

  • What are the seven tools of effective leadership according to Malik (2011)?:

    • Meetings: communicate with team, write down results
    • Reports: communicate the results and states
    • Job Design: describing what kind of role you are looking for
    • Personal working methodology: how do you work
    • Budget: assigning amount of money, time, resources to people and tasks
    • Performance assessment: paying attention how good are teams and individuals perform
    • Waste disposal: system that helps to ignore not important things, like mails or unnecessary actions.